PSeInt profile UCM

These are the rules of the UCM profile, explained simply, with an example that follows them and opens in Codoritmo with one click.

Open in Codoritmo with this profile

Opens this page's example with the UCM profile already switched on.

How its author describes it

The profile's original text, in Spanish, as distributed with PSeInt.

Cátedras
Computacion 1 / Programacion I
Carreras
Bachiller en Ciencias Informáticas y BioIngenoieria
Institución
Universidad Catolica del Maule
Ubicación
Chile
Enviado por
Ing. Luis Galaz

In short

What changes compared with Codoritmo's default profile:

Every variable must be declared with Definir
Every variable needs a value before it is used
No accents or ñ in variable names
Every statement must end with a semicolon
Entonces, Hacer and endings such as FinSi must be written in full
You can assign with = as well as <-
No conditions like Es Par: comparisons use operators
Arrays start at 0
No Para Cada (for each) loop
Counting down needs Con Paso -1
Segun only works with whole numbers

All of its rules

Marked rules differ from Codoritmo's default profile; everything else behaves the same.

Variables

How they are declared and when they can be used.

Declare variables with DefinirDiffers from default: Required. Before using a variable you must declare it with its type, for example Definir edad Como Entero. That includes the counter of every Para.
Give a value before useDiffers from default: Required. Reading a variable, or an array slot, that has no value yet stops the program with an error. That's why accumulators start with something like suma <- 0.
Protected Para counter: You can change the counter inside the Para and keep using it after the loop ends.
Accents and ñ in namesDiffers from default: Not allowed in variable or subroutine names: write anio or posicion. Accented keywords such as Según still work.

Writing style

Punctuation, closing words and how values are assigned.

Semicolon at the endDiffers from default: Required. Every statement ends in ;, as in Escribir "Hola";. Lines that open or close a structure (Si, FinSi, FinPara) don't take one.
Relaxed syntaxDiffers from default: Strict: write every structure in full, with Entonces, Hacer and one-word endings such as FinSi and FinMientras.
Assign with =Differs from default: Allowed: besides x <- 5 you can write x = 5. Inside a condition, = is still a comparison.

Operators and conditions

How comparisons are written and text is put together.

Word operators: You can write Y, O, NO and MOD (and, or, not, remainder) as well as their symbols &, |, ~ and %.
Plain-language conditionsDiffers from default: Doesn't accept them: write the comparison with operators, such as x MOD 2 = 0 or x > 5.
Join text with +: Allowed: "Hola, " + nombre makes a single piece of text.

Arrays

Where indexes start and how the size is set.

First array indexDiffers from default: Arrays start at 0: after Dimension notas[3] the slots are notas[0], notas[1] and notas[2].
Array size from a variable: Allowed: you can read n and then write Dimension datos[n].
Resize arrays: You can change the size of an existing array with Redimensionar.

Loops and Segun

Which ways of repeating and choosing between cases it accepts.

Para Cada loopDiffers from default: Not available: go through arrays with a Para and an index.
Repetir … Mientras Que: A Repetir loop can end with Hasta Que condition (until) or Mientras Que condition (while).
Para counting downDiffers from default: To count down you must write Con Paso -1; without it, Para i <- 3 Hasta 1 doesn't run at all.
Segun with whole numbersDiffers from default: The value a Segun checks, and its options, must be whole numbers.

Subroutines and text functions

Which extra tools you get to organise the program.

Your own subroutines and functions: You can write your own SubProceso or Funcion to split the program into parts.
Text functions: Available: Longitud, Subcadena, Mayusculas, Minusculas and Concatenar (length, substring, upper case, lower case, join).

An example that follows these rules

It works out the average of three marks. It's written for this profile, and the comments point out what changes compared with the default. We checked it with Codoritmo's interpreter using these same rules.

PerfilUCM.psc · 51 lines

1// Example written with the rules of the UCM profile2// Every statement ends with a semicolon3// Strict syntax: Entonces, Hacer and FinSi always in full4Algoritmo PerfilUCM5    // This profile requires every variable to be declared with Definir6    // Variable names have no accents or ñ7    Definir notas, suma, i Como Entero;8    Definir promedio Como Real;9    Definir nombre Como Caracter;10    Dimension notas[3];11    // Arrays start at 0: the slots are 0, 1 and 212    notas[0] <- 8;13    notas[1] <- 9;14    notas[2] <- 7;15    // Every variable needs a value before it is used16    // This profile also lets you assign with =17    suma = 0;18    // No Para Cada: the array is read with an index19    Para i <- 0 Hasta 2 Hacer20        suma <- suma + notas[i];21    FinPara22    promedio <- suma / 3;23    nombre <- "Ana";24    Escribir "Hi, ", nombre;25    Escribir "Average: ", promedio;26    Si promedio >= 7 Y promedio <= 10 Entonces27        Escribir "Passed";28    SiNo29        Escribir "Failed";30    FinSi31    // Es Par isn't accepted: the condition uses operators32    Si suma MOD 2 = 0 Entonces33        Escribir "The sum is even: ", suma;34    SiNo35        Escribir "The sum is odd: ", suma;36    FinSi37    // Segun only accepts whole numbers38    Segun notas[0] Hacer39        10:40            Escribir "The first mark is excellent";41        8, 9:42            Escribir "The first mark is very good";43        De Otro Modo:44            Escribir "The first mark can improve";45    FinSegun46    Escribir "Countdown:";47    // Counting down needs Con Paso -148    Para i <- 3 Hasta 1 Con Paso -1 Hacer49        Escribir i;50    FinPara51FinAlgoritmo

What it prints

This is the example's real output, run with the UCM profile.

Hi, Ana
Average: 8
Passed
The sum is even: 24
The first mark is very good
Countdown:
3
2
1