PSeInt profile UAGRM IntroInf

These are the rules of the UAGRM IntroInf profile, explained simply, with an example that follows them and opens in Codoritmo with one click.

Open in Codoritmo with this profile

Opens this page's example with the UAGRM IntroInf profile already switched on.

How its author describes it

The profile's original text, in Spanish, as distributed with PSeInt.

Materia
Introducción a la Informática
Carrera
Licenciatura en Ofimática
Facultad
Facultad Politécnica
Universidad
Universidad Autónoma Gabriel René Moreno (UAGRM)
Ubicación
Santa Cruz, Bolivia
Docente
Ing. MSc. Luís Percy Tapia

In short

What changes compared with Codoritmo's default profile:

Every variable must be declared with Definir
Every variable needs a value before it is used
The Para counter is protected
No accents or ñ in variable names
Every statement must end with a semicolon
Entonces, Hacer and endings such as FinSi must be written in full
You can assign with = as well as <-
No conditions like Es Par: comparisons use operators
Array sizes must be fixed numbers
No Para Cada (for each) loop
Repetir only ends with Hasta Que
Counting down needs Con Paso -1
Segun only works with whole numbers

All of its rules

Marked rules differ from Codoritmo's default profile; everything else behaves the same.

Variables

How they are declared and when they can be used.

Declare variables with DefinirDiffers from default: Required. Before using a variable you must declare it with its type, for example Definir edad Como Entero. That includes the counter of every Para.
Give a value before useDiffers from default: Required. Reading a variable, or an array slot, that has no value yet stops the program with an error. That's why accumulators start with something like suma <- 0.
Protected Para counterDiffers from default: Inside a Para you can't change the counter, and once the loop ends the counter has no value, so don't use it afterwards.
Accents and ñ in namesDiffers from default: Not allowed in variable or subroutine names: write anio or posicion. Accented keywords such as Según still work.

Writing style

Punctuation, closing words and how values are assigned.

Semicolon at the endDiffers from default: Required. Every statement ends in ;, as in Escribir "Hola";. Lines that open or close a structure (Si, FinSi, FinPara) don't take one.
Relaxed syntaxDiffers from default: Strict: write every structure in full, with Entonces, Hacer and one-word endings such as FinSi and FinMientras.
Assign with =Differs from default: Allowed: besides x <- 5 you can write x = 5. Inside a condition, = is still a comparison.

Operators and conditions

How comparisons are written and text is put together.

Word operators: You can write Y, O, NO and MOD (and, or, not, remainder) as well as their symbols &, |, ~ and %.
Plain-language conditionsDiffers from default: Doesn't accept them: write the comparison with operators, such as x MOD 2 = 0 or x > 5.
Join text with +: Allowed: "Hola, " + nombre makes a single piece of text.

Arrays

Where indexes start and how the size is set.

First array index: Arrays start at 1: after Dimension notas[3] the slots are notas[1], notas[2] and notas[3].
Array size from a variableDiffers from default: Not allowed: the size in Dimension must be a fixed number, such as Dimension datos[10].
Resize arrays: You can change the size of an existing array with Redimensionar.

Loops and Segun

Which ways of repeating and choosing between cases it accepts.

Para Cada loopDiffers from default: Not available: go through arrays with a Para and an index.
Repetir … Mientras QueDiffers from default: A Repetir loop can only end with Hasta Que condition (until).
Para counting downDiffers from default: To count down you must write Con Paso -1; without it, Para i <- 3 Hasta 1 doesn't run at all.
Segun with whole numbersDiffers from default: The value a Segun checks, and its options, must be whole numbers.

Subroutines and text functions

Which extra tools you get to organise the program.

Your own subroutines and functions: You can write your own SubProceso or Funcion to split the program into parts.
Text functions: Available: Longitud, Subcadena, Mayusculas, Minusculas and Concatenar (length, substring, upper case, lower case, join).

An example that follows these rules

It works out the average of three marks. It's written for this profile, and the comments point out what changes compared with the default. We checked it with Codoritmo's interpreter using these same rules.

PerfilUAGRMIntroInf.psc · 53 lines

1// Example written with the rules of the UAGRM IntroInf profile2// Every statement ends with a semicolon3// Strict syntax: Entonces, Hacer and FinSi always in full4Algoritmo PerfilUAGRMIntroInf5    // This profile requires every variable to be declared with Definir6    // Variable names have no accents or ñ7    Definir notas, suma, i Como Entero;8    Definir promedio Como Real;9    Definir nombre Como Caracter;10    // The array size must be a fixed number11    Dimension notas[3];12    notas[1] <- 8;13    notas[2] <- 9;14    notas[3] <- 7;15    // Every variable needs a value before it is used16    // This profile also lets you assign with =17    suma = 0;18    // No Para Cada: the array is read with an index19    Para i <- 1 Hasta 3 Hacer20        // Inside the Para you can't change i21        suma <- suma + notas[i];22    FinPara23    promedio <- suma / 3;24    nombre <- "Ana";25    Escribir "Hi, ", nombre;26    Escribir "Average: ", promedio;27    Si promedio >= 7 Y promedio <= 10 Entonces28        Escribir "Passed";29    SiNo30        Escribir "Failed";31    FinSi32    // Es Par isn't accepted: the condition uses operators33    Si suma MOD 2 = 0 Entonces34        Escribir "The sum is even: ", suma;35    SiNo36        Escribir "The sum is odd: ", suma;37    FinSi38    // Segun only accepts whole numbers39    Segun notas[1] Hacer40        10:41            Escribir "The first mark is excellent";42        8, 9:43            Escribir "The first mark is very good";44        De Otro Modo:45            Escribir "The first mark can improve";46    FinSegun47    Escribir "Countdown:";48    // Counting down needs Con Paso -149    Para i <- 3 Hasta 1 Con Paso -1 Hacer50        Escribir i;51    FinPara52    // Repetir can only end with Hasta Que53FinAlgoritmo

What it prints

This is the example's real output, run with the UAGRM IntroInf profile.

Hi, Ana
Average: 8
Passed
The sum is even: 24
The first mark is very good
Countdown:
3
2
1

Open in Codoritmo with this profile

Profiles with the same rules

One other profile uses exactly these rules; what you practise here works for it too.

UAGRM Prog

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They open with the default profile; switch to yours from the editor's bottom bar.

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